• Introduction The first use of

  2023-07-24

  

  Introduction The first use of the term “autophagy” by a French physiologist, M. Anselmier, in a short article describing the effects of fasting in mice published in 1859, took place almost a century before Christian De Duve described it from a mechanistic point of view in a symposium on lysosomes i

• br Experimental section br Acknowledgements br Introduction

  2023-07-24

  

  Experimental section Acknowledgements Introduction DJ-1 is a highly conserved, homodimeric protein that was originally cloned as an oncogene capable of transforming NVP-BKM120 Hydrochloride in cooperation with activated ras[1]. DJ-1 is over-expressed in multiple tumor types and is positivel

• br Conclusions In summary the present results showed that ag

  2023-07-24

  

  Conclusions In summary, the present results showed that ageing diminished arginase activity only in clearance tissues and that l-arginine supplementation did not induce major changes in arginase activity thus refuting a role of arginase in the potential deleterious effects of l-arginine supplemen

• br Discussion Arginase and Arginase are homologous enzymes t

  2023-07-24

  

  Discussion Arginase 1 and Arginase 2 are homologous enzymes that consume l-arginine to produce l-ornithine and urea [14], [15]. These enzymes compete with NO synthases for the same substrate [14], [15], [30], and therefore may reduce NO production [21], [24], [30]. The colocalization of arginases

• nmda receptor Finally the comparison between data obtained b

  2023-07-24

  

  Finally, the comparison between data obtained by antioxidant assays in in vitro cultured cells [11], [12] and in liposomes has disclosed the possibility to choose more confidently “the better phenolipid” of a series of fatty acids esters antioxidant derivatives. Looking at the physical parameters th

• Weak and transient interactions of HMGB proteins

  2023-07-24

  

  Weak and transient interactions of HMGB proteins in such hit-and-run mechanisms are understandable given that “fluorescence loss in photobleaching” (FLIP) experiments employing GFP-labeled HMGBs have shown that in living cells they are the most mobile of all nuclear proteins [144]. The entire pool o

• br HMG proteins mobile modulators of chromatin

  2023-07-24

  

  HMG proteins: mobile modulators of chromatin structure and cellular phenotype The term “High Mobility Group” was originally coined for the HMG proteins because of their unusual solubility properties, their small size and their rapid mobility, relative to other chromatin proteins, during gel elect

• br Mechanism of action In general the main targets

  2023-07-24

  

  Mechanism of action In general, the main targets for antifungal drug development are cell wall polymer (glucans, chitin, mannoproteins), cell membrane (especially ergosterol) biosynthesis, DNA and protein synthesis (topoisomerases, nucleases, elongation factors and myristoylation), and signal tra

• Recent work has detailed the impact

  2023-07-24

  

  Recent work has detailed the impact of genetic KW-6002 of AMPK in the liver, revealing only minor phenotypes upon removal in mice (Boudaba et al., 2018). However, these studies very elegantly showed the potential for small molecule-mediated activation of AMPK to elicit large changes in lipid metabol

• RNA interference assays have shown that the inhibition of AM

  2023-07-24

  

  RNA interference assays have shown that the inhibition of AMPK expression leads to increases in TNF-α, IL-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels after LPS stimulus, whereas the transfection of macrophages with a constitutively active form of AMPKα1 results in decreased LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 prod

• Overexpression of AR in a transgenic mouse model

  2023-07-24

  

  Overexpression of AR in a transgenic mouse model leads to a capsular cataract phenotype involving proliferation and formation of a fibrotic plaque of cells reminiscent of cells at the posterior KU60019 in PCO [17]. To investigate the molecular mechanism that could link AR expression to this phenotyp

• Interestingly intermittent high doses of

  2023-07-24

  

  Interestingly, intermittent high doses of AKT inhibitors have been shown to be a more effective strategy both clinically and pre-clinically. High doses appear to be required for induction of apoptosis and intermittent schedules overcome the low therapeutic index of these compounds. This is particula

• Last decade has provided a number of studies

  2023-07-24

  

  Last decade has provided a number of studies indicating that AhR signaling could play a role both in the development and in progression of multiple cancer types, with potential implications for cancer therapy (for review see (Kolluri et al., 2017; Murray et al., 2014)). Activation of AhR is consider

• br Concluding remarks Following the disappointing outcomes o

  2023-07-24

  

  Concluding remarks Following the disappointing outcomes of Aβ immunotherapy trials for AD [62], the current prevailing concept is that disease-modifying therapy must be initiated from the presymptomatic stage of the disease because of the presumed incurability of chronic diseases once they become

• Voluminous literature about the neuroendocrine mechanism of

  2023-07-24

  

  Voluminous literature about the neuroendocrine mechanism of reproduction and energy regulation has emerged from studies involving mammalian species. The avian infundibular nucleus (equivalent structure to the mammalian arcuate nucleus) consists of two neuronal populations, one of which expresses neu

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